The history of the Mosaic is long and varied. The exact origins are hidden by the mists of time, but we do know that by around the second Century BC, Mosaics were are fairly common art form and the form was expanding rapidly. The Greeks had been creating mosaic art for over a century, and they had developed the technique of of 'tesserae'.Tessera were the first mass produced tiles, allowing for more ambitious projects and more consistency in the mosaic materials used. It is likely that different cultures around the world invented the mosaic technique independently of each other. However it is perhaps the Romans whowe most commonly associate with the Mosiac. With the massive expansion of the Roman Empire, their formalized mosaic techniques began to be used in many countries, the techniques were picked up by locals and so the method progressed expanding into new cultures and in turn being influenced by those cultures.
Below you can see two church related Mosaics above a traditional Roman mosaic depicting the mythic Ulysses at sea